List of LGBT characters in modern written fiction

This is a List of LGBT characters in modern written fiction. The historical concept and definition of sexual orientation varies and has changed greatly over time; for example the word "gay" wasn't used to describe sexual orientation until the mid 20th century. A number of different classification schemes have been used to describe sexual orientation since the mid-19th century, and scholars have often defined the term 'sexual orientation' in divergent ways. Indeed, several studies have found that much of the research about sexual orientation has failed to define the term at all, making it difficult to reconcile the results of different studies.[1][2][3] However, most definitions include a psychological component (such as the direction of an individual's erotic desire) and/or a behavioral component (which focuses on the sex of the individual's sexual partner/s). Some prefer to simply follow an individual's self-definition or identity. See homosexuality and bisexuality for criteria that have traditionally denoted lesbian, gay and bisexual (LGB) people.

Items listed here must have verifiable third-party sources commenting on the sexuality of the character(s) in question, and additional explanation may be necessary. Citing the work itself may be appropriate if an applicable quote is provided. Additionally, only notable/significant characters from a given work (which may have multiple LGBT characters) need to be listed here.

Kilian Meloy wrote:[4]

In a historical sense, literature as we understand it is a fairly new innovation, and the current concept of homosexuality is even fresher from the cultural oven. It's no great surprise, then, that gay literature — or even gay characters in literature — are so relatively new as to still be shiny. Nonetheless, there are gay characters that broke barriers and became cultural touchstones...
Contents: A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z    See also   References 

A

Character name Book Author Details Reference
Carol Aird The Price of Salt Patricia Highsmith Bisexual; has a sexual/romantic relationship with another woman while married to a man. [5]
Alec i Amasa Nightrunner series Lynn Flewelling Bisexual [6]
Alec (David Alexander Tielman Campion, diuk Tremontaine) Riverside series Ellen Kushner
Alexander the Great Fire from Heaven
The Persian Boy		 Mary Renault Bisexual [7]
Armand The Vampire Chronicles Anne Rice Bisexual; In the novel The Vampire Armand, he is shown to have sexual relations with a number of people of both sexes, including Marius de Romanus and Bianca Solderini. [8]
Vanyel Ashkevron The Last Herald Mage trilogy Mercedes Lackey Gay; In the series, Vanyel has two sexual relationships, both with male partners. [9]
Nancy "Nan" Astley Tipping the Velvet Sarah Waters Lesbian; main character who has sexual/romantic relationships with three other women as well as other casual sexual encounters. [10]

B

Character name Book Author Details Reference
Bagoas The Persian Boy Mary Renault Gay [7]
Magnus Bane The Mortal Instruments Cassandra Clare Bisexual; has a sexual/romantic relationship with a main male character, Alec. He has presumably had numerous relations with both genders.
Florence Banner Tipping the Velvet Sarah Waters Lesbian; has a sexual/romantic relationship with the main character. [11]
Renly Baratheon A Song of Ice and Fire George R R Martin Bisexual; Never clearly stated in the books but hinted at having a sexual/romantic relationship with Loras Tyrell. In the TV-show it is made clear that they are lovers. [12]
Therese Belivet The Price of Salt Patricia Highsmith Lesbian; has a sexual/romantic relationship with another woman. [5]
Mr. Benson Mr. Benson John Preston Gay [7]
Frank Berry The Hotel New Hampshire John Irving Identifies as gay. [13]
Molly Bolt Rubyfruit Jungle Rita Mae Brown Lesbian; main character who has numerous romantic and sexual relationships with other women. [14]
Dave Brandstetter Dave Brandstetter Mysteries Joseph Hansen Gay [15]
Beebo Brinker The Beebo Brinker Chronicles Ann Bannon Lesbian [16]
Coach Harlan Brown The Front Runner Patricia Nell Warren Gay [7]
Richard Brown The Hours Michael Cunningham Gay [17]
Kitty Butler Tipping the Velvet Sarah Waters Bisexual; has a sexual/romantic relationship with the main character as well as marrying a man. [11]

C

Character name Book Author Details Reference
Beth Ayers/Cullison The Beebo Brinker Chronicles Ann Bannon Lesbian [16]
Clay Less Than Zero and Imperial Bedrooms Bret Easton Ellis Bisexual
Fever Crumb Fever Crumb Series Philip Reeve
Jason Carrillo Rainbow Boys Alex Sanchez Gay [18]
Luis Carruthers American Pyscho Brett Easton Ellis Gay, Possibly Bisexual (In love with the male protagonist, later gets married to Courtney.)

D

Character name Book Author Details Reference
Anne Damer Life Mask Emma Donoghue Lesbian; has a sexual/romantic relationship with another woman. [19]
Ambassador Dannyl The Black Magician Trilogy Trudi Canavan Gay; referred to in novel as a 'lad'. [20]
Peggy Danziger Happy Endings Are All Alike Sandra Scoppettone Bisexual; has a sexual and romantic relationship with another woman. [5]
Infinite Darlene/Daryl Boy Meets Boy David Levithan Also, gay.Transgender. Formerly known as Daryl, now a drag queen called "Infinite Darlene". [21]
David Giovanni's Room James Baldwin Bisexual [7]
Selina Dawes Affinity Sarah Waters Lesbian; has a sexual/romantic relationship with another woman. [22]
Ennis del Mar Brokeback Mountain Annie Proulx Main character who has a long term sexual relationship with another man as well as being married to a woman. Critics have described him variously as gay, bisexual, or occasionally as a heterosexual. [23][24]
Paul Denton The Rules of Attraction Bret Easton Ellis Bisexual, falls in love with main character (a man) [25]
Sarah Dowling Patience and Sarah Isabel Miller [26]
Albus Dumbledore Harry Potter series JK Rowling Claimed by Rowling to be gay, although nothing was said in the books. Some critics still doubt this[27][28]. [29][30][31][32]
Clive Durham Maurice E. M. Forster Gay [33]

E

Character name Book Author Details Reference
Sieur Anton d'Escrivey The Books of Outremer series Chaz Brenchley Gay

F

Character name Book Author Details Reference
Alluvia Fairfax (Alice) Gut Symmetries Jeanette Winterson Bisexual; main character who falls in love with a man and a woman and has a sexual relationship with them both. [34]
Lucy Farinelli Kay Scarpetta novels Patricia Cornwell Lesbian; niece of the main character. Has several romantic relationships with other women as well as many casual sexual encounters with other women. [35]
Simon Foster A Fairly Honourable Defeat Iris Murdoch Gay [36]

G

“ Dorian Gray was one of the first in a long list of hedonistic fellows whose homosexual tendencies secured a terrible fate. ”
 
— Drew Banks , as quoted in "Influential Gay Characters in Literature"
Character name Book Author Details Reference
Giovanni Giovanni's Room James Baldwin Gay [7]
Nelson Glassman Rainbow Boys Alex Sanchez Gay [18]
Michael Godwin Riverside series Ellen Kushner Bisexual
Dorian Gray The Picture of Dorian Gray Oscar Wilde Bisexual [7]
Lord John Grey Lord John series Diana Gabaldon Gay
Nick Guest The Line of Beauty Alan Hollinghurst Gay

H

Character name Book Author Details Reference
Darvish Shayrif Hakem "The Fire's Stone" Tanya Huff Bisexual, stated throughout the book. Falls in love with Aarin, another lead character from the book. [37]
Maurice Hall Maurice E. M. Forster Gay [38]
Basil Hallward The Picture of Dorian Gray Oscar Wilde Gay [39]
Baron Vladimir Harkonnen Dune Frank Herbert Gay; Harkonnen's sexual preference for men is implied in Dune and Children of Dune, and presented more explicitly in the Prelude to Dune prequel trilogy by Brian Herbert and Kevin J. Anderson. [40][41][42]
Basil Henderson Invisible Life
Just As I Am
Abide With Me		 E. Lynn Harris Bisexual [7][43]

I

Character name Book Author Details Reference
Ilar i Sontir Nightrunner series Lynn Flewelling

J

Character name Book Author Details Reference
Ruth Jamison Fried Green Tomatoes at the Whistle Stop Cafe Fannie Flagg Lesbian; main character who has long-term romantic relationship with another woman. [44]
Holland Jeager Keeping You a Secret Julie Anne Peters Lesbian; has relationship with female character as well as male character.
Jeanette Oranges Are Not the Only Fruit Jeanette Winterson Lesbian [45]
Jemel The Books of Outremer series Chaz Brenchley Gay

K

Character name Book Author Details Reference
Annie Kenyon Annie on My Mind Nancy Garden Lesbian. [46]
Joel Harrison Knox Other Voices, Other Rooms Truman Capote Gay. [47]

L

Character name Book Author Details Reference
Laura Landon The Beebo Brinker Chronicles Ann Bannon Lesbian. [16]
Renee LaRoche Along the Journey River Carole LaFavor Lesbian protagonist. [48]
Diana Leathaby Tipping the Velvet Sarah Waters Lesbian; has a sexual relationship with the main character and other women. [11]
Nicolas de Lenfent The Vampire Chronicles Anne Rice Probably gay. Whilst human, Nicolas shares a sexual relationship with Lestat de Lioncourt. [8]
Alexander "Alec" Lightwood The Mortal Instruments Cassandra Clare Gay; had a crush on the main male character and engages in a romantic/sexual relationship with the warlock Magnus Bane.
Maud Lilly Fingersmith Sarah Waters Lesbian; main character who has a sexual/romantic relationship with another woman. [49]
Lestat de Lioncourt The Vampire Chronicles Anne Rice Bisexual. Lestat is attracted to and has intense relationships with members of both sexes. [8]

M

Character name Book Author Details Reference
Malone Dancer from the Dance Andrew Holleran Gay [50]
Marron The Books of Outremer series Chaz Brenchley Gay
Dirk McDonald Baby Be-Bop, Weetzie Bat Francesca Lia Block Gay [51]
Alice Meadows A Village Affair Joanna Trollope Married woman who has a sexual and romantic relationship with another woman. [5]
Kyle Meeks Rainbow Boys Alex Sanchez Gay [18]
Christopher Metcalfe Now and Then William Corlett Gay; main character who has a sexual & romantic relationship as a boy with another boy at school. Later has sexual relationships with other men and eventually pursues a romantic relationship with another man. [52]
Russel Middlebrook Geography Club Brent Hartinger Gay [5]
Paul Michel Hallucinating Foucault Patricia Duncker Gay; openly homosexual writer, said to have many male lovers, including relationship with male main character/narrator. [53][54]

N

Character name Book Author Details Reference
The Narrator Written on the Body Jeanette Winterson Bisexual; main character of unspecified gender who has sexual/romantic relationships with men and women. Some reviewers describe the narrator as a lesbian. [55][56]
Alex Nilsson A Fairly Honourable Defeat Iris Murdoch Gay [36]
Noah Boy Meets Boy David Levithan Gay. In love with Paul. [21]
Hélène Noris The Illusionist Françoise Mallet-Joris Has a sexual relationship with another woman. [5]

O

Character name Book Author Details Reference
Jeff O'Brien The Men from the Boys
Where The Boys Are
Men Who Love Men		 William J. Mann Gay [7]

P

Character name Book Author Details Reference
Paul Boy Meets Boy David Levithan Gay; main character. Ex-boyfriend of Kyle, in love with Noah. [7][21]
Louis de Pointe du Lac The Vampire Chronicles Anne Rice Bisexual [8]
Margaret Prior Affinity Sarah Waters Lesbian; main character who pursues a romantic relationship with another woman. [22]

S

“ [Alec Scudder of Maurice was] a refreshingly unapologetic young gay man who was not an effete Oscar Wilde aristocrat, but rather a working class, masculine, ordinary guy ... an example of the working class teaching the privileged class about honesty and authenticity — a bit of a stereotype now, but back then quite extraordinary. ”
 
Character name Book Author Details Reference
Alec Scudder Maurice E. M. Forster Gay [7]
Seregil i Korit Solun Meringil Bokthersa Nightrunner series Lynn Flewelling Bisexual [6]
Danny Slocum The Confessions of Danny Slocum George Whitmore Gay [7]
Tamara Soulerr The Illusionist Françoise Mallet-Joris Bisexual. Has sexual relationship with a man, and with his daughter. [5]
Stefen The Last Herald Mage trilogy Mercedes Lackey Gay [9]
Stella Gut Symmetries Jeanette Winterson Bisexual; falls in love with and marries a man, falls in love with and has a sexual relationship with a woman. [34]
Sutherland Dancer from the Dance Andrew Holleran Gay [50]

T

Character name Book Author Details Reference
David Talbot The Vampire Chronicles Anne Rice Bisexual; has sexual relationships with Lestat de Lioncourt, Joshua (both men) and Merrick Mayfair (a woman).
Idgie Threadgoode Fried Green Tomatoes at the Whistle Stop Cafe Fannie Flagg Lesbian; main character who has long-term romantic relationship with another woman, and sexual encounters with one other woman. [44]
Tony Boy Meets Boy David Levithan Gay. Child of orthodox Jewish parents. [57][58]
Aud Torvingen The Blue Place Nicola Griffith Lesbian [5]
Tayend of Tremmelin The Black Magician Trilogy Trudi Canavan Gay; referred to in novel as a 'lad'. Lover of Ambassador Dannyl. [20]
Sue Trinder Fingersmith Sarah Waters Lesbian; main character who has a romantic/sexual relationship with another woman. [49]
Jack Twist Brokeback Mountain Annie Proulx Main character who has a long term sexual relationship with another man as well as being married to a woman and having sexual relationships with other men and a woman whilst married. Critics have described him variously as gay or bisexual. [23][24]
Jaret Tyler Happy Endings Are All Alike Sandra Scoppettone Lesbian; has a sexual and romantic relationship with another woman and identifies as a lesbian. [5]
Raymond Tyler Jr. Invisible Life
Just As I Am
Abide With Me		 E. Lynn Harris Bisexual [7][59]

U

Character name Book Author Details Reference
Clodagh Unwin A Village Affair Joanna Trollope Lesbian; has a sexual and romantic relationship with another woman. [5]

V

Character name Book Author Details Reference
Clarissa Vaughan The Hours Michael Cunningham Lesbian; in a long-term relationship with another woman. [5]
Richard St. Vier Riverside series Ellen Kushner Bisexual

W

Character name Book Author Details Reference
Min Wei Geography Club Brent Hartinger Bisexual. [5]
Patience White Patience and Sarah Isabel Miller Lesbian. [26]
Liza Winthrop Annie on My Mind Nancy Garden Lesbian. [46]
Felicity Worthington The Gemma Doyle Trilogy Libba Bray Lesbian.
Jason Wyatt Sunningdale Golf and Country Club Libba Bray Gay. Will Grayson "Will Grayson, Will Grayson" John Green and David Levithan Gay.

X

Character name Book Author Details Reference
X   (Narrator's pseudonym) Boy Culture Matthew Rettenmund Gay; has sexual and romantic relationships with Andrew, Joe and other men. [7]

Y

Character name Book Author Details Reference
X   (Allison Mann) Y: The Last Man Brian K. Vaughan Lesbian. [1]
Contents: A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z    See also   References 

See also

References

  1. ^ Shively, M.G.; Jones, C.; DeCecco, J. P. (1984). "Research on sexual orientation: definitions and methods". Journal of Homosexuality 9 (2/3): 127–137. doi:10.1300/J082v09n02_08. PMID 6376622. 
  2. ^ Gerdes, L.C. (1988). The Developing Adult (Second ed.). Durban: Butterworths; Austin, TX: Butterworth Legal Publishers. ISBN 0409101885. 
  3. ^ Sell, Randall L. (December 1997). "Defining and Measuring Sexual Orientation: A Review: How do you define sexual orientation?". Archives of Sexual Behavior 26 (6): 643–658. doi:10.1023/A:1024528427013. PMID 9415799. http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/pages/frontline/shows/assault/context/defining.html. Retrieved 2007-07-11. 
  4. ^ "Influential Gay Characters in Literature"
  5. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l Lo, Malinda (2007-05-22). "13 Lesbian and Bi Characters You Should Know". AfterEllen.com. http://www.afterellen.com/books/2007/5/lesbianbicharacters. Retrieved 2007-11-19. 
  6. ^ a b Jamneck, Lynne (2005). "An Interview with Lynn Flewelling". Writing-World.com. http://www.writing-world.com/sf/flewelling2.shtml. Retrieved 2007-07-07. 
  7. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n Meloy, Kilian (September 24, 2007). "Influential Gay Characters in Literature". AfterElton.com. http://www.afterelton.com/print/2007/9/groundbreakinggaycharacters. Retrieved February 15, 2009. 
  8. ^ a b c d Haggerty, George E. (1998). "Anne Rice and the queering of culture". Novel: A Forum on Fiction. http://findarticles.com/p/articles/mi_qa3643/is_199810/ai_n8827229. Retrieved 2007-07-07. 
  9. ^ a b Lackey, Mercedes (2005). "Ask Misty Archive - Valdemar". The World of Mercedes Lackey. http://www.mercedeslackey.com/am_valdemar.html. Retrieved 2007-07-22. 
  10. ^ "Tipping the Velvet by Sarah Waters (review)". Powell's Books. http://www.powells.com/cgi-bin/biblio?isbn=1573227889. Retrieved 2007-07-07. 
  11. ^ a b c "Tipping the Velvet by Sarah Waters (review)". Barnes & Noble.com. http://search.barnesandnoble.com/booksearch/isbninquiry.asp?ean=9781573227889&z=y. Retrieved 2007-07-07. 
  12. ^ "Renly Baratheon". gameofthrones.wikia.com/wiki. http://gameofthrones.wikia.com/wiki/Renly_Baratheon. Retrieved 2011-11-1. 
  13. ^ "The Hotel New Hampshire Review". Amazon.co.uk. http://www.amazon.co.uk/Hotel-New-Hampshire-Black-Swan/dp/0552992097. Retrieved 2007-10-06. 
  14. ^ Day, Frances Ann (2000). Lesbian and Gay Voices: An Annotated Bibliography and Guide to Literature. Korea: Greenwood Press. p. 20. ISBN 0313311625. http://books.google.com/?id=AICD7lXohOYC&pg=PP1&dq=Lesbian+and+Gay+voices. 
  15. ^ Walker, Peter. "Dave Brandstetter". ThrillingDetective.com. http://www.thrillingdetective.com/brandstetter.html. Retrieved 2007-07-22. 
  16. ^ a b c Yndigoyen, Rose (2005-07-16). "The Beebo Brinker Chronicles". http://www.afterellen.com/Print/2006/6/beebo.html. Retrieved 2007-07-22 
  17. ^ Young, Tory (2003). Michael Cunningham's the Hours: A Reader's Guide. Continuum International Publishing Group. p. 37. ISBN 0826414761. http://books.google.com/?id=bzSLE-RYpOQC&pg=PA37&lpg=PA37. 
  18. ^ a b c Emert, Toby (2002). "An Interview with Alex Sanchez, Author of Rainbow Boys". ALAN Review. http://findarticles.com/p/articles/mi_qa4063/is_200210/ai_n9098446. Retrieved 2007-10-10 
  19. ^ "Life Mask by Emma Donoghue". BiblioFemme. http://www.bibliofemme.com/others/lifemask.shtml. Retrieved 2007-07-07. 
  20. ^ a b Canavan, Trudi (2002). The Novice. Orbit. p. 480. ISBN 1904233678. 
  21. ^ a b c "Boy Meets Boy description". davidleviathan.com. 2007. http://www.davidlevithan.com/bmb_landing.html. Retrieved 2008-02-16. 
  22. ^ a b Holcombe, Garan (2005). "Sarah Waters - Critical Perspective". ContemporaryWriters.com. http://www.contemporarywriters.com/authors/?p=auth03a23o034012634831. Retrieved 2007-07-09. 
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  24. ^ a b Rood, Karen Lane (2001). Understanding Annie Proulx. Univ of South Carolina Press. pp. 187–190. ISBN 1570034028. http://www.google.co.uk/books?id=MkluuskLTLoC&pg=PP1&dq=Understanding+Annie+Proulx&ei=fSkJR8qMI4T-6gLxuI2EAg&sig=MPebzVsaFGH6D066Kl1p9j-Nxh0. 
  25. ^ Behling, Harold John (2002-07-03). "The Rules of Attraction's bleak originality shows character study". University Chronicle. http://media.www.universitychronicle.com/media/storage/paper231/news/2002/03/07/Sports/The-Rules.Of.Attractions.Bleak.Originality.Shows.Character.Study-206774.shtml. Retrieved 2007-10-06 
  26. ^ a b Katz, Jonathan. "Writing and Publishing Patience and Sarah". http://www.patienceandsarah.com/Routsong.html. Retrieved 2007-07-22. 
  27. ^ Edward Rothstein (2007). "Is Dumbledore Gay? Depends on Definitions of ‘Is’ and ‘Gay’". New York Times. http://www.nytimes.com/2007/10/29/arts/29conn.html?_r=1. Retrieved 29 October 2007. 
  28. ^ The Life and Lies of Albus Dumbledore
  29. ^ "JK Rowling says wizard Dumbledore is gay". Washington Post. 2007-10-20. http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2007/10/20/AR2007102000186.html. Retrieved 2007-10-20. 
  30. ^ "JK Rowling outs Dumbledore as gay". BBC News. 2007-10-20. http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/entertainment/7053982.stm. Retrieved 2007-10-20. 
  31. ^ "Rowling dubs Dumbledore of Harry Potter books as gay". Daily News (New York). 2007-10-19. http://www.nydailynews.com/gossip/2007/10/19/2007-10-19_rowling_dubs_dumbledore_of_harry_potter_.html. Retrieved 2007-10-20. 
  32. ^ "J.K. Rowling outs Hogwarts character". Yahoo! News. 2007-10-20. Archived from the original on 2007-10-21. http://web.archive.org/web/20071021155404/http://news.yahoo.com/s/ap/20071020/ap_on_en_ot/books_harry_potter. Retrieved 2007-10-20. 
  33. ^ Hunter, Richard (2004). Plato's Symposium. Oxford University Press. p. 115. ISBN 0195160797. http://books.google.com/?id=Y0AnvceBAq4C&pg=PA3&dq=Plato%27s+Symposium. 
  34. ^ a b Griffin, Gabriele (2000). Romancing the Margins?: Lesbian Writing in the 1990s. Haworth Press. p. 73. ISBN 1560231335. http://www.google.co.uk/books?id=VORNs6PvKPMC&pg=PA73&d. 
  35. ^ Mizejewski, Linda (2004). Hardboiled and High Heeled: The Woman Detective in Popular Culture. Routledge. p. 26. ISBN 0415969719. http://books.google.com/?id=-Sf0DM7p2sEC&pg=PP1&dq=Hardboiled+and+High+Heeled. 
  36. ^ a b Grimshaw, Tammy (2005). Sexuality, Gender, And Power In Iris Murdoch's Fiction. Fairleigh Dickinson Univ Press. p. 37. ISBN 0838640613. http://www.google.co.uk/books?id=3fnt5baazkgC&pg=PA9&dq=Sexuality,+Gender,+And+Power&ei=cyQJR-vQKpyS7QKDv-SCAg&sig=U73H-0FParR4luRzCLQuXUg4Uug. 
  37. ^ Huff, Tanya (1990). The Fire's Stone. ISBN 0886774454. "Darvish made certain they had plenty to report as he filled his life with wine and his bed with every willing body he stumbled across..." 
  38. ^ Da Silva, Stephen (1998). "Transvaluing immaturity: reverse discourses of male homosexuality in E.M. Forster's posthumously published fiction". Criticism. http://findarticles.com/p/articles/mi_m2220/is_n2_v40/ai_20992277/print. Retrieved 2007-10-06 
  39. ^ Horan, Patrick M. (1997). The Importance of Being Paradoxical: Maternal Presence in the Works of Oscar Wilde. Fairleigh Dickinson Univ Press. p. 88. ISBN 0838637337. http://www.google.co.uk/books?id=Zh6zjJZIQTsC&pg=PP1&dq=The+Importance+of+Being+Paradoxical&ei=xCIJR6n-B4iS7gLiyKWBAg&sig=-ak3zwtkKBLsQS2Wa2Gr8Ro9CRM. 
  40. ^ Herbert, Frank (1965). Dune. ISBN 0399129499. "'I'll be in my sleeping chambers,' the Baron said. 'Bring me that young fellow we bought on Gamont, the one with the lovely eyes. Drug him well. I don't feel like wrestling.'" 
  41. ^ Herbert, Frank (1965). Dune. ISBN 0202865045. "'Why haven't you ever bought a Bene Gesserit, Uncle?' Feyd-Rautha asked. 'With a Truthsayer at your side —' 'You know my tastes!' the Baron snapped ... 'This old fool saw through the shielded needle you'd planted in that slave boy's thigh. Right where I'd put my hand on it, eh?'" 
  42. ^ Though Harkonnen is the biological father of Lady Jessica, it is noted in Dune that this is because he "once permitted himself to be seduced."
  43. ^ Amazon.com Editorial review. "Abide With Me". Amazon.com. http://www.amazon.com/gp/product/product-description/0385486588/ref=dp_proddesc_0/002-7914588-9372820?ie=UTF8&n=283155&s=books. Retrieved 2007-10-12. "Basil Henderson ... is regularly attending therapy ... although it doesn't seem to be helping him deal with ... his denial of his bisexuality ..." 
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  45. ^ Griffin, Gabriele (2002). Who's Who in Lesbian and Gay Writing. Routledge. p. 217. ISBN 0415159849. http://www.google.co.uk/books?id=ybtkoNXz7XUC&d. 
  46. ^ a b Day, Frances Ann (2000). Lesbian and Gay Voices: An Annotated Bibliography and Guide to Literature. Korea: Greenwood Press. p. 29. ISBN 0313311625. http://books.google.com/?id=AICD7lXohOYC&pg=PP1&dq=Lesbian+and+Gay+Voices. 
  47. ^ Richards, Gary (2005). Lovers And Beloveds: Sexual Otherness In Southern Fiction, 1936-1961. LSU Press. p. 31. ISBN 0807130516. http://books.google.com/?id=GKq_J3uuRHMC&pg=PP1&dq=Lovers+and+Beloveds. 
  48. ^ Richardson, Susan B. (1998). "Along the Journey River - Review". MELUS. http://findarticles.com/p/articles/mi_m2278/is_2_23/ai_54543109. Retrieved 2008-01-04. 
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  50. ^ a b Bergman, David (2004). The Violet Hour: The Violet Quill and the Making of Gay Culture. Columbia University Press. p. 78. ISBN 0231130503. http://books.google.com/?id=QzjQWxw0K4EC. 
  51. ^ Day, Frances Ann (2000). Lesbian and Gay Voices: An Annotated Bibliography and Guide to Literature. Korea: Greenwood Press. p. 16. ISBN 0313311625. http://books.google.com/?id=AICD7lXohOYC&pg=PP1&dq=Lesbian+and+Gay+Voices. 
  52. ^ Now and Then "Now and Then Review". Amazon.com. http://www.amazon.com/Now-Then-William-Corlett/dp/1555834248 Now and Then. Retrieved 2007-07-09. 
  53. ^ "Hallucinating Foucault synopsis". Powell's Books. http://www.powells.com/biblio/2-0375701850-3. Retrieved 2008-03-09. 
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  55. ^ Stowers, Cath; Purvis, June (1995). (Hetero)sexual Politics - Journeying with Jeanette: Transgressive Travels in Winterson's Fiction. Taylor & Francis. ISBN 0748402950. http://books.google.com/?id=J58tLcI__2YC&pg=PP1&dq=(Hetero)sexual+Politics 
  56. ^ Gilmore, Leigh (2001). The Limits of Autobiography: Trauma and Testimony. Cornell University Press. p. 127. ISBN 0801486742. http://books.google.com/?id=1jX3_RyedfcC&pg=PP1&dq=The+Limits+of+Autobiography:+Trauma+and+Testimony. 
  57. ^ Amazon.com Editorial Reviews. Boy Meets Boy.
  58. ^ Webber, Carlie Kraft. Boy Meets Boy review - TeenReads.com
  59. ^ Amazon.com Editorial reviews. "Invisible Life". Amazon.com/Library Journal. http://www.amazon.com/gp/product/product-description/0385494637/ref=dp_proddesc_0/002-7914588-9372820?ie=UTF8&n=283155&s=books. Retrieved 2007-10-12. 
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